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Influence Of Nitrate And Phosphate On The Distribution And Abundance Of Riparian Vegetation In YOGYAKARTA City (Pengaruh Nitrat dan Fosfat pada Distribusi dan Kelimpahan Vegetasi Riparian Kota YOGYAKARTA) Image
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Influence Of Nitrate And Phosphate On The Distribution And Abundance Of Riparian Vegetation In YOGYAKARTA City (Pengaruh Nitrat dan Fosfat pada Distribusi dan Kelimpahan Vegetasi Riparian Kota YOGYAKARTA)

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Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Briket Biomassa Menggunakan Metode Taguchi Guna Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Alternatif Yang Ramah Lingkungan (Optimization of Biomass Briquettes Production Process Using Taguchi Method) Image
Journal article

Optimasi Proses Pembuatan Briket Biomassa Menggunakan Metode Taguchi Guna Memenuhi Kebutuhan Bahan Bakar Alternatif Yang Ramah Lingkungan (Optimization of Biomass Briquettes Production Process Using Taguchi Method)

Problems that encountered on manufacturers and users of briquettes is low quality of the briquettes in terms of heat value. The aim of this research is to determine the best quality of the briquette which is made from biomass waste. The briquette is expected to be used to fulfill the need of inexpensive and environmentally friendly of alternative household fuel, by which the energy independent community could be realized.The method used to determine the quality of the briquette is Taguchi method. The independent variables involved are compressive strength, holding time, mold model, drying temperature, drying time and material composition. The dependent variable is the highest heat value of the briquette. The results show that based on the highest heat value, the best briquette quality is parameter setting of A2B1C2D2E2F1, which means that the compressive strength is 225 kg/cm2, the holding time is 5 minutes, the mold model is honeycomb of box, drying temperature is 60 °C, drying time is 3 days and the ratio of Jatropha Curcas waste : rice husk charcoal : coconut shell charcoal : adhesive is 5 : 3: 2 : 1. The average heat value of briquette is 5,323 cal/g. This matter the briquettes show that high heat value and feasible of recommendation by SNI, and so briquette decent to fulfill the need of environment friendly alternative fuel.
Dampak Penerapan Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur Terhadap Kelestarian Kesuburan Tanah Dalam Menunjang Kelestarian Pengelolaan Hutan Alam (the Impact of Selective Cutting and Strip Planting System Implementation Toward Sustainability of Soil) Image
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Dampak Penerapan Sistem Silvikultur Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur Terhadap Kelestarian Kesuburan Tanah Dalam Menunjang Kelestarian Pengelolaan Hutan Alam (the Impact of Selective Cutting and Strip Planting System Implementation Toward Sustainability of Soil)

Selective cutting is one of the silviculture system developed to manage the tropical rain forest in Indonesia. This system is based on diameter limit, the number of trees left (residual stand) for the next harvesting and successfully regeneration natural of residual stand or enrichment planting. In 2005, selective cutting and strip planting with intensive sillviculture was being applied to rehabilitate and to improve the productivity of Logged Over Area (LOA) of tropical rain forest with enrichment planting in strip planting system. TPTJ system might stimulate the soil stability of tropical rain forest damaged because it was sensitive of changing. The objective of this research was to investigate the soil fertility status on LOA (1 and 5 years old after planting) of tropical rain forest in selective cutting and strip planting with intensive sillviculture. The result showed that soil at the reseach sites were very acid it was about pH H2O 3.97-4.50 and pH KCl 3,57-4,07. This pH values indicated that nutrient concentrations especially Ca, Mg and K were very low because the soil included on Ultisols. Nutrient concentration at 1 and 5 years old after planting of area was not significant in T test with 5% confident level. In general, nutrient concentrations in A, horizon was organic matter accumulation on the top soil would increase C-organic content and this value had positive correlation with cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) that value of correlation coefficient (R2) was 0.946, so it could provide nutrient to support growth of dipterocarps in the strip planting system.
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Pemanfaatan Limbah Biomassa Cangkang Kakao Dan Kemiri Sebagai Bahan Bakar Briket (Utilization of Biomass Wastes From Cocoa and Candlenut Shells as Fuel Briquette) Image
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Pemanfaatan Limbah Biomassa Cangkang Kakao Dan Kemiri Sebagai Bahan Bakar Briket (Utilization of Biomass Wastes From Cocoa and Candlenut Shells as Fuel Briquette)

Biomass was the primary source of energy for millions of people in the world, but when coal, oil, and gas became widely available, its use was declined. However, in recent years interest in biomass utilization increases because of energy crisis and environmental issues. Utilization of biomass for substituting fossil fuel can reduce global CO2 emission problem. The objective of this research is to study alternative energy sources that utilize biomass waste from cocoa and candlenut shells. Biomass materials were crushed until particle size of less than 1 mm were obtained. Five grams mixture of biomass and binder with composition 70:30 for cocoa and 80:20 for candlenut were briquetted in 16 mm cylindrical mould and dried in an oven at 50C for 5 hours. Combustion tests were conducted in a combustion chamber at constant wall temperature 350C and air velocity ranges between 0.1 – 0.4 m/s. The results show that cocoa and candlenut shells have calorific value of 16,998 and 21,960 kJ/kg respectively. The CO emission was generated significantly during devolatilization phase. Cocoa shell generate total CO emission higher than that of candlenut shell. The increase of air velocity can reduce CO emission, because more oxygen is supplied to the briquette that can help completing the combustion.
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