In this article were discussed different types of batteries based on lithium, described and illustrated the constructions of the most popular types of such batteries, namely, lithium-ion and lithium-polymer batteries. Selection of lithium as a promising basis for a new generation of batteries was not accidental – the metal is chemically very active. However, the reactivity has a downside – the batteries based on lithium are potentially explosive, especially in case of violation of operating conditions.Modern lithium-based batteries have two main types – Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) and lithium polymer (Li-Pol). The lithium-ion battery cathode consists of carbon anode – of lithium cobalt dioxide, and is used as an electrolyte salt solution containing lithium ions. Typical nominal output voltage of a single cell lithium-ion battery is 3,6 V.The article found that the most promising for the further development of technologies are lithium polymer batteries. Using the solid polymer electrolyte gives lithium-polymer battery one big plus – they can have any shape, with no need for hard shell (the "Bank"), as in lithium-ion.The obtained data will be used for the future development of monitoring energy and control the battery level, which use by various technical devices.