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Effect of Reaction Temperature and Catalyst Concentration Image
Conference paper

Effect of Reaction Temperature and Catalyst Concentration

Biodiesel is an alternative fuel for diesel engines consisting of the alkyl monoesters from vegetable oils or animal fats. Beef tallow is the non-edible raw material with low cost production and the availability is huge in the cattle production. The objective of the study was to utilize waste animal fat (beef) for biodiesel production using solid oxide catalyst. The solid oxide catalyst derived from the industrial waste eggshells. The waste materials calcined with temperature 900oC and time 2 hours, transformed calcium species in the shells into active CaO catalysts. The oil contained high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 1.86%. The FFA content of the oil was reduced by acid-catalyzed esterification. The product from this stage was subjected to transesterification to produce biodiesel. Transesterification process produces methyl ester and glycerol. The produced methyl ester on the upper layer was separated from the glycerol and then washed. Effect of various process variables such as amount of catalyst and temperature were investigated. The biodiesel properties like methyl ester content, density, viscosity, and flash point was evaluated and was found to compare well with Indonesian Standard (SNI). Under the best condition, the maximum yield of 82.43% beef tallow methyl ester was obtained by using 9:1 molar ratio of methanol to beef tallow oil at 55oC, for a reaction time 1.5 hours in the presence 3 wt% of CaO catalyst. The results of this work showed that the use of beef tallow is very suitable as low cost feedstock for biodiesel production.
Increasing Percentage of Methane (Ch4) From Biogas with Purification Image
Conference paper

Increasing Percentage of Methane (Ch4) From Biogas with Purification

Biogas is the one of renewable energies that is the result of fermentation of methanogenic bacteria of biomass or organic substance . The low methane content in biogas is affected by the amount of impurities in the biogas. A membrane that produced from activated zeolite as an adsorbent is used to absorb or reduce the content of impuritiesin the biogas in order to increase methane in the biogas . Variate of research comprise variety the composition ratio of zeolite and clay as materials for zeolite membranes are 30:70 , 50:50 , 70:30 , and the effect of flow rate on the purification were 100% open valve and 50% open the valve . Parameters to determine the quality of the purification results biogas is methane percentage were analyzed by Gas Chromatography. The percentage of methane in biogas purification before treatment was 64.86 % . The results showed that the highest percentage of methane was 72.22 % that generated by biogas purification for zeolite and clay ratio was 70:30 with 100% open valve as the flow rate.
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Use of Condensate Combined with Hydrocking Palm Oil Products for Improving the Quality of Premium Image
Conference paper

Use of Condensate Combined with Hydrocking Palm Oil Products for Improving the Quality of Premium

A research about hydrocracking of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) has been conducted using the catalyst Cr/active natural zeolite. Hydrocracking of CPO was conducted at the temperature variations of 300 oC, 400 oC, 500 oC and 600 oC to determine the optimum temperature based on the density and viscosity of the product of hydrocracking. Hydrocracking of CPO was also varied with the weight of catalysts 0.5 g, 1 g, 1.5 g, 2 g and 2.5 g using an optimum temperature. Products of hydrocraking were vacuum distilled and calculated for the percentage of area products and gasoline fractions. The results showed the optimum temperature at 400 oC the optimum weight of catalyst was 2.5 g with percentage of product was 1.2779 % and the area fraction of gasoline 469.953. Nature additives obtained from hydrocracking products at the optimum conditions blended with premium and condensate to see how it influences on octane number change. Nature additives added to premium increase the octane number from 87.4 to 87.8, while the addition of condensate lower the octane number.
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